Autism Research Institute

Nutritional Deficiencies, Supplements and Diets Research

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Adams JB, Holloway C. Pilot study of a moderate dose multivitamin/mineral supplement for children with autistic spectrum disorder. J Altern Complement Med. 2004 Dec;10(6):1033-9.

Adams JB, George F, Audhya T. Abnormally high plasma levels of vitamin B6 in children with autism not taking supplements compared to controls not taking supplements. J Altern Complement Med. 2006 Jan-Feb;12(1):59-63.

Aldred S, et al. Plasma amino acid levels in children with autism and their families. J Autism Dev Disord. 2003 Feb;33(1):93-7.

Amminger GP, Berger GE, Schafer MR, Klier C, Friedrich MH, Feucht M. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation in Children with Autism: A Double-blind Randomized, Placebo-controlled Pilot Study. Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Aug 22.

Andersen IM, et al. Melatonin for Insomnia in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Child Neurol. 2008 Jan 8.

Arnold GL et al. Plasma amino acids profiles in children with autism: potential risk of nutritional deficiencies. J Autism Dev Disord 2003 33(4):449-54.

Ashkenazi A, Levin S, Krasilowsky D. Gluten and autism. Lancet. 1980 Jan 19;1(8160):157.

Baker SB, Worthley LI. The essentials of calcium, magnesium and phosphate metabolism: part I. Physiology. Crit Care Resusc. 2002 Dec;4(4):301-6.

Barthelemy C, et al. Biological and clinical effects of oral magnesium and associated magnesium-vitamin B6 administration on certain disorders observed in infantile autism. Therapie. 1980 Sep-Oct;35(5):627-32.

Bolman WM, Richmond JA. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot trial of low dose dimethylglycine in patients with autistic disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 1999 Jun;29(3):191-4.

Bruni O, et al. L -5-Hydroxytryptophan treatment of sleep terrors in children. Eur J Pediatr. 2004 Jul;163(7):402-7.

Bubenik GA, et al. Propsects of the clinical utilization of melatonin. Biological Signals and Receptors. 1998;7:195-219.

Bu B, Ashwood P, Harvey D, King IB, Water JV, Jin LW. Fatty acid compositions of red blood cell phospholipids in children with autism. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2006 Apr;74(4):215-21.

Carlton R et al. Rational dosages of nutrients have a prolonged effect on learning disabilities. Alternative Therapies 2000; 6:85-91.

Christison GW, Ivany K. Elimination diets in autism spectrum disorders: any wheat amidst the chaff? J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2006 Apr;27(2 Suppl):S162-71.

Connors SL, Crowell DE. Secretin and autism: the role of cysteine. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999 Jul;38(7):795-6.

Curtis LT, Patel K. Nutritional and environmental approaches to preventing and treating autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a review. J Altern Complement Med. 2008 Jan-Feb;14(1):79-85.

Dolske MC, Spollen J, McKay S, Lancashire E, Tolbert L. A preliminary trial of ascorbic acid as supplemental therapy for autism. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1993 Sep;17(5):765-74.

Elder JH. The gluten-free, casein-free diet in autism: an overview with clinical implications.  Nutr Clin Pract. 2008 Dec-2009 Jan;23(6):583-8.

El Idrissi A et al.  Prevention of epileptic seizures by taurine. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2003;526:515-25.

Erdeve O et al.  The probiotic effect of Saccharomyces boulardii in a pediatric age group. J Trop Pediatr.  2004 Aug;50(4):234-6. 

Fernstrom JD. Can nutrient supplements modify brain function? Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jun;71(6 Suppl):1669S-75S.

Finegold SM et al. Gastrointestinal microflora studies in late-onset autism. Clin Infect Dis  2002 35 (Suppl 1):S6-S16.

Giannotti F, Cortesi F, Cerquiglini A, Bernabei P. An open-label study of controlled-release melatonin in treatment of sleep disorders in children with autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2006 Aug;36(6):741-52.

Gill HS, Rutherfurd KJ, Prasad J, Gopal PK. Enhancement of natural and acquired immunity by Lactobacillus rhamnosus (HN001), Lactobacillus acidophilus (HN017) and Bifidobacterium lactis (HN019). Br J Nutr. 2000 Feb;83(2):167-76.

Grattan-Smith PJ, Wilcken B, Procopis PG, Wise GA. The neurological syndrome of infantile cobalamin deficiency: developmental regression and involuntary movements. Mov Disord. 1997 Jan;12(1):39-46.

Herbert V. Detection of malabsorption of vitamin B12 due to gastric or intestinal dysfunction. Semin Nucl Med.  1972 Jul;2(3):220.

Ishizaki A, Sugama M, Takeuchi N. Usefulness of melatonin for developmental sleep and emotional/behavior disorders—studies of melatonin trial on 50 patients with developmental disorders. No To Hattatsu. 1999 Sep;31(5):428-37.

Jonas C, Etienne T, Barthelemy C, Jouve J, Mariotte N. Clinical and biochemical value of Magnesium + vitamin B6 combination in the treatment of residual autism in adults. Therapie. 1984 Nov-Dec;39(6):661-9.

Jory J, McGinnis WR. Red-Cell Trace Minerals in Children with Autism. Am J Biochem Biotechnol. 4(2): 101-104, 2008.

Kern JK, Miller VS, Cauller PL, Kendall PR, Mehta PJ, Dodd M. Effectiveness of N,N-dimethylglycine in autism and pervasive developmental disorder. J Child Neurol. 2001 Mar;16(3):169-73.

Kleijnen J, Knipschild P. Niacin and vitamin B6 in mental functioning: a review of controlled trials in humans. Biol Psychiatry. 1991 May 1;29(9):931-41.

Knivsberg AM, et al. A randomised, controlled study of dietary intervention in autistic syndromes. Nutr Neurosci. 2002 Sep;5(4): 251-61.

Knivsberg AM, et al. Reports on dietary intervention in autistic disorders. Nutr Neurosci.  2001;4(1):25-37. 

Kozielec T, Starobrat-Hermelin B. Assessment of magnesium levels in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Magnes Res. 1997 Jun;10(2):143-8.

Lelord G, Muh JP, Barthelemy C, Martineau J, Garreau B, Callaway E. Effects of pyridoxine and magnesium on autistic symptoms—initial observations. J Autism Dev Disord. 1981 Jun;11(2):219-30.

Lelord G, Callaway E, Muh JP. Clinical and biological effects of high doses of vitamin B6 and magnesium on autistic children. Acta Vitaminol Enzymol. 1982;4(1-2):27-44.

Liebscher DH, Liebscher DE. About the misdiagnosis of magnesium deficiency. J Am Coll Nutr. 2004 Dec;23(6):730S-1S.

Martineau J, Barthelemy C, Garreau B, Lelord G. Vitamin B6, magnesium, and combined B6-Mg: therapeutic effects in childhood autism. Biol Psychiatry. 1985 May;20(5):467-78.

Megson MN. Is autism a G-alpha protein defect reversible with natural vitamin A? Med Hypotheses. 2000 Jun;54(6):979-83.

Moretti R, et al. Vitamin B12 and folate depletion in cognition: a review. Neurol India. 2004 Sep;52(3):310-8.

Mousain-Bosc M, Roche M, Polge A, Pradal-Prat D, Rapin J, Bali JP. Improvement of neurobehavioral disorders in children supplemented with magnesium-vitamin B6. II. Pervasive developmental disorder-autism. Magnes Res. 2006 Mar;19(1):53-62.

Mousain-Bosc M, Roche M, Rapin J, Bali JP. Magnesium VitB6 intake reduces central nervous system hyperexcitability in children. J Am Coll Nutr. 2004 Oct;23(5):545S-548S.

Murch SH, Walker-Smith JA. Nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol. 1998 Dec;12(4):719-38.

Olmez A, et al. Serum selenium levels in acute gastroenteritis of possible viral origin. J Trop Pediatr. 2004 Apr;50(2):78-81.

Pfeiffer CC, Braverman ER. Zinc, the brain and behavior. Biol Psychiatry. 1982 Apr;17(4):513-32.

Richardson AJ. Omega-3 fatty acids in ADHD and related neurodevelopmental disorders. Int RevPsychiatry. 2006 Apr;18(2):155-2.

Rimland, B. High dosage levels of certain vitamins in the treatment of children with severe mental disorders. In D. Hawkins & L. Pauling (Eds.), Orthomolecular Psychiatry. 1973 (pp. 513-538).

Rimland B. Vitamin B6 (and magnesium) in the treatment of autism. Autism Research Review International, 1987, Vol. 1, No. 4.

Rimland B, Callaway E, Dreyfus P. The effect of high doses of vitamin B6 on autistic children: a double-blind crossover study. Am J Psychiatry. 1978 Apr;135(4):472-5.

Saavedra JM. Use of probiotics in pediatrics: rationale, mechanisms of action, and practical aspects. Nutr Clin Pract. 2007 Jun;22(3):351-65.

Salminen SJ, Gueimonde M, Isolauri E. Probiotics that modify disease risk. J Nutr. 2005 May;135(5):1294-8.

Servin AL.Antagonistic activities of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against microbial pathogens. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2004 Oct;28(4):405-40.

Shoenthaler S et al. The effect of vitamin-mineral supplementation on the intelligence of American schoolchildren: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med 2000;6:19-29.

Starobrat-Hermelin B, Kozielec T. The effects of magnesium physiological supplementation on hyperactivity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Positive response to magnesium oral loading test. Magnes Res. 1997 Jun;10(2):149-56.

Stevens LJ, et al. Essential fatty acid metabolism in boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Clin Nutr 1995 62(4): 761-8.

Toskes PP, et al. Vitamin B 12 malabsorption in chronic pancreatic insufficiency. N Engl J Med 1971 Mar 25;284(12):627-32.

Vancassel S, et al. Plasma fatty acid levels in autistic children. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2001 Jul;65(1):1-7.

Van Gelder NM, Sherwin AL, Sacks C, Anderman F. Biochemical observations following administration of taurine to patients with epilepsy. Brain Res. 1975 Aug 29;94(2):297-306.

Walsh WJ, et al. Reduced violent behavior following biochemical therapy. Physiol Behav. 2004 Oct 15;82(5):835-9. 

Whiteley P, et al. Spot urinary creatinine excretion in pervasive developmental disorders. Pediatr Int. 2006 Jun;48(3):292-7.

Wright CE, et al. (1986). Taurine: biological update. Annu Rev Biochem 55: 427-53.

Yorbik O, Akay C, et al. Zinc status in autistic children. J Trace Elem Exp Med 2004: 17(2): 101-107.

Young G, Conquer J. Omega-3 fatty acids and neuropsychiatric disorders. Reprod Nutr Dev. 2005 Jan-Feb;45(1):1-28.

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