Autism and Detoxification Research
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Adams JB, Romdalvik J, Ramanujam V.M.S., Legator MS, Mercury, Lead, and Zinc in Baby Teeth of Children with Autism vs. Controls. J Toxicol Environ Health 2007 70(12):1046-51.
Adams JB, Romdalvik J, Levine KE, Hu LW. Mercury in first-cut baby hair of children with autism versus typically developing children. Toxic Environ Chem. 2008, 1-14, iFirst.
Alberti A, Pirrone P, Elia M, Waring RH, Romano C. Sulphation deficit in "low-functioning" autistic children: a pilot study. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Aug 1;46(3):420-4.
Aposhian HV, Maiorino RM, Dart RC, Perry DF. Urinary excretion of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid in human subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1989 May;45(5):520-6
Aremu DA, Madejczyk MS, Ballatori N. N-acetylcysteine as a potential antidote and biomonitoring agent of methylmercury exposure. Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Jan;116(1):26-31.
Aschner M, Syversen T, Souza DO, Rocha JB. Metallothioneins: mercury species-specific induction and their potential role in attenuating neurotoxicity. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2006 Oct;231(9):1468-73.
Aw TY, Wierzbicka G, Jones DP. Oral glutathione increases tissue glutathione in vivo. Chem Biol Interact. 1991;80(1):89-97.
Aw TY. Intestinal glutathione: determinant of mucosal peroxide transport, metabolism, and oxidative susceptibility. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005 May 1;204(3):320-8.
Bello SC. Autism and environmental influences: review and commentary. Rev Environ Health 2007: 22(2): 139-56.
Beversdorf DQ, Manning SE, et al. Timing of prenatal stressors and autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2005: 35(4): 471-8.
Blanusa M, et al. Chelators as antidotes of metal toxicity: therapeutic and experimental aspects. Curr Med Chem. 2005;12(23):2771.
Burbacher TM, Shen DD, Liberato N, Grant KS, Cernichiari E, Clarkson T. Comparison of blood and brain mercury levels in infant monkeys exposed to methylmercury or vaccines containing thimerosal. Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Aug;113(8):1015-21.
Desoto MC, Hitlan RT. Blood Levels of Mercury Are Related to Diagnosis of Autism: A Reanalysis of an Important Data Set. J Child Neurol. 2007 Nov;22(11):1308-1311.
Dringen R, Hirrlinger J. Glutathione pathways in the brain. Biol Chem. 2003 384(4):505-16.
Edelson SB, Cantor DS. Autism: xenobiotic influences. Toxicol Ind Health. 1998 Jul-Aug;14(4):553-63.
Fonnum F, Lock EA. The contributions of excitotoxicity, glutathione depletion and DNA repair in chemically induced injury to neurones: exemplified with toxic effects on cerebellar granule cells. J Neurochem. 2004 Feb;88(3):513-31.
Forman J, et al. A cluster of pediatric metallic mercury exposure cases treated with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Jun;108(6):575-7.
Golse B, Debray-Ritzen P, Durosay P, Puget K, Michelson AM. Alterations in two enzymes: superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in developmental infantile psychosis (infantile autism). Rev Neurol (Paris). 1978 Nov;134(11):699-705.
Goth SR, Chu RA, Gregg JP, Cherednichenko G, Pessah IN. Uncoupling of ATP-mediated calcium signaling and dysregulated interleukin-6 secretion in dendritic cells by nanomolar thimerosal. Environ Health Perspect 2006; 114(7):1083-91.
Goyer RA, Cherian MG, Jones MM, Reigart JR. Role of chelating agents for prevention, intervention, and treatment of exposures to toxic metals. Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103(11):1048-52.
Grandjean P, Landrigan PJ. Developmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals. Lancet. 2006 Dec 16;368(9553):2167-78.
Graziano JH, Lolacono NJ, Moulton T, Mitchell ME, Slavkovich V, Zarate C. Controlled study of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid for the management of childhood lead intoxication. J Pediatr. 1992 Jan;120(1):133-9.
Havarinasab S, Hultman P. Organic mercury compounds and autoimmunity. Autoimmunity Rev 2005;4:270-275.
Havarinasab S, Haggqvist B, Bjorn E, Pollard KM, Hultman P. Immunosuppressive and autoimmune effects of thimerosal in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005 Apr 15;204(2):109-21.
Hayes JD, et al. Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and their biological consequences. Pharmacology. 2000 Sep;61(3):154.
Holmes AS, et al. Reduced levels of mercury in first baby haircuts of autistic children. Int J Toxicol. 2003 Jul-Aug;22(4):277-85.
Hornig M, et al. Neurotoxic effects of postnatal thimerosal are mouse-strain dependent. Mol Psychiatry. 2004 Sep;9(9):833-45.
Hunjan MK, Evered DF. Absorption of glutathione from the gastro-intestinal tract. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1985 May 14;815(2):184.
Hurlbut KM, et al. Determination and metabolism of dithiol chelating agents. XVI: Pharmacokinetics of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate after intravenous administration to human volunteers. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1994 Feb;268(2):662-8.
Ip P, Wong V, Ho M, Lee J, Wong W. Mercury exposure in children with autistic spectrum disorder: case-control study. J Child Neurol. 2004 Jun;19(6):431-4.
Kern JK, Jones AM. Evidence of toxicity, oxidative stress, and neuronal insult in autism. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2006 Nov-Dec;9(6):485-99.
Kern JK, et al. Sulfhydryl-reactive metals in autism. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2007 Apr 15;70(8):715-21.
Kinney DK, Miller AM, et al. Autism prevalence following prenatal exposure to hurricanes and tropical storms in Louisiana. J Autism Dev Disord 2008: 38(3): 481-8.
Lafleur DL, et al. N-acetylcysteine augmentation in serotonin reuptake inhibitor refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psycho-pharmacology (Berl). 2006 Jan;184(2):254-6.
Lanphear BP, et al. Low-level environmental lead exposure and children's intellectual function: an international pooled analysis. Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jul;113(7):894-9.
Lauterburg BH, Mitchell JR. Therapeutic doses of acetaminophen stimulate the turnover of cysteine and glutathione in man. J Hepatol. 1987 Apr;4(2):206-11.
Lonsdale D, Shamberger RJ, Audhya T. Treatment of autism spectrum children with thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide: a pilot study. Neuroendocrinol Lett. 2002 Aug;23(4):303-8.
Makani S, Gollapudi S, Yel L, Chiplunkar S, Gupta S. Biochemical and molecular basis of thimerosal-induced apoptosis in T cells: a major role of mitochondrial pathway. Genes Immun. 2002 Aug;3(5):270-8.
Mayer M, Noble M. N-acetyl-L-cysteine is a pluripotent protector against cell death and enhancer of trophic factor-mediated cell survival in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Aug 2;91(16):7496-500.
Miller AL. Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), a non-toxic, water-soluble treatment for heavy metal toxicity. Altern Med Rev. 1998 Jun;3(3):199-207.
Mutter J, Naumann J, et al. Mercury and autism: accelerating evidence? Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2005: 26(5): 439-46.
N-acetylcysteine [No authors listed]. Altern Med Rev. 2000 Oct;5(5):467-71.
Nataf R, Skorupka C, Amet L, Lam A, Springbett A, Lathe R. Porphyrinuria in childhood autistic disorder: implications for environ-mental toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006 Jul 15;214(2):99-108.
Oka S, Kamata H, Kamata K, Yagisawa H, Hirata H. N-acetylcysteine suppresses TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation through inhibition of IkappaB kinases. FEBS Lett. 2000 Apr 28;472(2-3):196-202
Palmer RF, Blanchard S, Stein Z, Mandell D, Miller C. Environmental mercury release, special education rates, and autism disorder: an ecological study of Texas. Health Place. 2006 Jun;12(2):203-9.
Palmer RF, Blanchard S, Wood R. Proximity to point sources of environmental mercury release as a predictor of autism prevalence. Health Place. 2008 Feb 12.
Pasca SP, Nemes B, Vlase L, Gagyi CE, Dronca E, Miu AC, Dronca M. High levels of homocysteine and low serum paraoxonase 1 arylesterase activity in children with autism. Life Sci. 2006 Apr 4;78(19):2244-8.
Pastore A et al. Analysis of glutathione: implication in redox and detoxification. Clin Chim Acta. 2003 Jul 1;333(1):19-39.
Planas-Bohne F. The effect of 2,3-dimercaptorpropane-1-sulfonate and dimercaptosuccinic acid on the distribution and excretion of mercuric chloride in rats. Toxicology. 1981;19(3):275-8.
Rea WJ, Didriksen N, Simon TR, Pan Y, Fenyves EJ, Griffiths B. Effects of toxic exposure to molds and mycotoxins in building-related illnesses. Arch Environ Health. 2003 Jul;58(7):399-405.
Rose S, Melnyk S, et al. The frequency of polymorphisms affecting lead and mercury toxicity among children with autism. Am J Biochem Biotechnol 2008: 4(2): 85-94.
Shannon M, Graef JW. Lead intoxication in children with pervasive developmental disorders. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1996;34(2):177-81.
Sheehan D et al. Structure, function and evolution of glutathione transferases: implications for classification of non-mammalian members of an ancient enzyme superfamily. Biochem J. 2001 Nov 15;360(Pt 1):1-16.
Stangle DE, et al. Succimer chelation improves learning, attention and arousal regulation in lead-exposed rats but produces lasting cognitive impairment in the absence of lead exposure. Environ Health Perspect. 30 October 2006.
Testa B, et al. Management of chronic otitis media with effusion: the role of glutathione. Laryngoscope. 2001 Aug;111(8):1486-9.
Waly M, et al. Activation of methionine synthase by insulin-like growth factor-1 and dopamine: a target for neurodevelopmental toxins and thimerosal. Mol Psychiatry. 2004 Apr;9(4):358-7
Waring RH, Klovrza LV. Sulphur metabolism in autism. J Nutr Env Med. 2000;10:25-32.
Waring RH., et al. Biochemical parameters in autistic children. Dev Brain Dysfunction. 1997;10:40-43.
Westphal GA, et al. Homozygous gene deletions of the glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 are associated with thimerosal sensiti-zation. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2000 73(6):384-8.
Windham G, Zhang L, Gunier R, Croen L, Grether J. Autism Spectrum Disorders in Relation to Distribution of Hazardous Air Pollutants in the San Francisco Bay Area. Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Sep;114(9):1438-44.
Woods JS. Altered porphyrin metabolism as a biomarker of mercury exposure and toxicity. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1996. 74(2): 210-5.
Woods JS, et al. Studies on porphyrin metabolism in the kidney. Effects of trace metals and glutathione on renal uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. Mol Pharmacol 1984. 26(2): 336-41.
Woods JS, et al. Urinary porphyrin profiles as a biomarker of mercury exposure: studies on dentists with occupational exposure to mercury vapor. J Toxicol Environ Health 1993. 40(2-3): 235-46.
Woods JS, et al. Quantitative measurement of porphyrins in biological tissues and evaluation of tissue porphyrins during toxicant exposures. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1993. 21(3): 291-7.
Zoroglu SS, et al. Pathophysiological role of nitric oxide and adrenomedullin in autism. Cell Biochem Funct. 2003 Mar;21(1):55-60.